Arab Monetary Fund

This study sheds light on BCS agreements, their motives, and usefulness, and suggests a methodology for assessing the relevance of establishing BCS agreements within the Arab region.

The way public debt affects economic growth in the Arab region is heterogeneous and depends on the country's income level group.

For middle- and high-income Arab countries, public debt helps improve long-term growth with a very limited impact in the short term.

There is no evidence that public debt improves economic growth in low-income Arab countries in the short or long term.

For all groups, the Arab countries' public debt is inefficient regarding investment.

This joint policy paper between the AMF and CPMI on “Monitoring cross-border payment developments: a regional analysis of AMF member countries” provides insights on the importance of cross-border payments for the region, evidenced by international remittances. It documents the status of payment system interoperability and extension, as well as legal, regulatory and supervisory aspects in the region at the launch of the cross-border payments programme.

This research investigates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) paradigm by assessing the link between real GDP per capita, renewable energy, energy prices, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in selected Arab nations. In order to determine the extent of the association between the variables, the pooled mean group model is applied. According to the findings, real GDP per capita has a long-term positive effect on CO2 emissions, but quadratic GDP has a negative impact on CO2 emissions.

This study investigates the impact of financial inclusion, proxied by the number of bank branches, on human capital development for 12 Arab economies over the 2004-2019 period based on the pooled mean group (PMG) approach in the framework of dynamic panel data models.